問:有中學校刊說:Students
are encouraged to do volunteer work outside school(學校鼓勵學生在校外從事義務工作)。句中的school應是指學校這棟建築物,而不是「學業」,然則要不要加冠詞the?
答:School指「學業」,一般的確不用冠詞,例如:My son finished school last year(小兒去年完成學業)。
至於school之為建築物,說時應不應冠以a或the,則看情況而定。請比較以下兩句:(1)Students must arrive at school before eight o'clock(學生必須八點鐘之前到達學校)。(2)An ambulance soon
arrived at the school(救護車不久就到達學校)。第一句的school不冠以the,因為學生是去那裏上課的;第二句的school須冠以the,因為救護車去學校不是上課,而是要送人去醫院等等。同樣,church(教堂)、hospital(醫院)、prison(監獄)等機構,假如說時着重其特定用途,例如去禮拜、求醫、服刑等,一般都不用冠詞,否則就應冠以a或the,例如:(1)The
ambulance took him to hospital(救護車把他送到醫院)。(2)I live near a hospital(我住在醫院附近)。
讀者示下那一句,school是句子主詞(subject)students上學的機構,不用冠詞,文法沒有錯,正如Students must arrive at school before
eight o'clock的school一樣。當然,Students
are encouraged to do volunteer work outside the school這一句也沒有錯:the
school可以泛指學校,等於their schools。「The+單數可數名詞」,指某一類人或物,這一點拙欄談過,不贅。