問:Since
the days "gay" meant happy一語,貴欄譯做「自從gay不再解作『歡樂』之後」,為什麼不是「自從gay解作『歡樂』之後」?
答:請先比較以下兩句:(1)I have seen many strange things since I have
been here(我在這裏以來,見過不少怪事)。(2)I
have seen many strange things since I was there(我離開那裏之後,見過不少怪事)。留意第二句的was是過去式,表示「現在已不在那裏」,所以since I was there不可譯作「我在那裏以來」。
Since
the days "gay" meant happy的meant也是過去式,這等於說,現在gay已不再解作「歡樂」。
問:Due to(由於)一詞,有人說可用來起句,也有人說只可用在句中,究竟哪個說法正確?
答:根據傳統文法,due是形容詞,所以只可用在be(即is、was等)、seem、appear等連繫動詞(link
verb)之後,這就是「due to只可用在句中」說法的根據,例如:His
death was due to / seemed(to be)due
to malnutrition(營養不良是他的死因/似乎是他的死因)。
不過,十九世紀末葉以來,很多人都把due to當作介系詞(preposition),用在句首或一般動詞之後都可以,例如:Due
to the typhoon, the concert was postponed / The concert was postponed due to
the typhoon(音樂會因颱風而延期)。這寫法,現在一般不視為錯誤。但假如你要遵從傳統文法,那麼,作介系詞的due
to可改為because of或owing to。