2013年5月1日星期三
古德明: 動詞時式問題
問:Mrs Thatcher is / was / has been the only female British prime minister so far(戴卓爾夫人是英國至今唯一的女首相)這一句,哪個選擇正確?
答:戴卓爾夫人雖然已死,但她「是英國至今唯一的女首相」這事實現在還未變,所以應用現在式動詞is。不過,這一句文法固然沒有錯,但以下兩個寫法會好一點:(1)Mrs Thatcher is Britain's only female prime minister so far。(2)Mrs Thatcher is the only female so far to have been prime minister of Britain。
同樣道理,莎士比亞雖然已死,但以下兩句,所述事情現在還未變,所以都用現在式動詞is:(1)Shakespeare is the author of Hamlet(莎士比亞是《哈姆雷特》的作者)。(2)Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest English writer ever born(莎士比亞公認是英國最偉大的作家)。
問:以下一句,哪個選擇正確?──So far what Beijing (1) is / was / has been most capable of doing (2) is / was / has been jailing dissidents (北京當局最拿手的,一直是把不服從者關進獄中)。
答:選擇一應用has been,因為現在完成式動詞有「由過去某個時間直到現在」含義,而中共六十多年來一直都在抓不服從者入獄;選擇二用has been,文法不算錯,但一般會用is,因為句子上下兩半同樣用現在完成式動詞,說起來頗為古怪。這句我會稍為改寫一下:So far what Beijing has shown itself most capable of is jailing dissidents。